SAT vs ACT: Which Test Should You Take?

SAT vs ACT: Understanding the Basics

Both the SAT and ACT are standardized tests accepted by all U.S. colleges and universities. Most schools have no preference between the two tests, so your choice depends entirely on which test plays to your strengths. Understanding the key differences helps you make an informed decision.

The SAT is offered 7 times per year, while the ACT is offered 6-7 times. Both tests take about 3 hours without the optional essay. Scores are valid for 5 years, though most students take the test during junior or senior year.

Test Structure and Content

SAT Structure

The SAT consists of two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (scored 200-800) and Math (scored 200-800). Total scores range from 400-1600.

The Reading section includes 52 questions in 65 minutes. Passages come from literature, historical documents, social sciences, and natural sciences. Questions test your ability to understand arguments, analyze evidence, and draw conclusions.

The Writing and Language section has 44 questions in 35 minutes. You edit passages for grammar, punctuation, word choice, and structure. This section rewards students who read widely and have a good ear for language.

The Math section has 58 questions split between calculator (38 questions, 55 minutes) and no-calculator (20 questions, 25 minutes) portions. Topics include algebra, problem solving, data analysis, and some advanced math.

ACT Structure

The ACT has four required sections: English (75 questions, 45 minutes), Math (60 questions, 60 minutes), Reading (40 questions, 35 minutes), and Science (40 questions, 35 minutes). Each section is scored 1-36, and your composite score is the average of all four.

The English section tests grammar, punctuation, and rhetorical skills through editing passages. The Math section covers pre-algebra through trigonometry. The Reading section includes four passages from prose fiction, social science, humanities, and natural science.

The Science section is unique to the ACT. It does not test science knowledge. Instead, it tests your ability to read graphs, interpret data, and understand scientific reasoning. Students who are quick readers and good with charts often excel here.

Key Differences That Matter

Pacing and Time Pressure

The SAT gives you more time per question. You have about 75 seconds per Reading question and 87 seconds per Math question. The ACT moves faster: 53 seconds per Science question, 60 seconds per Math question.

If you work carefully and need time to think through problems, the SAT may suit you better. If you work quickly and feel confident under time pressure, consider the ACT.

Math Content

The ACT Math section includes more advanced topics like matrices, logarithms, and trigonometry. The SAT focuses more on algebra and data analysis. If you have taken pre-calculus and feel comfortable with advanced math, the ACT might work well. If algebra is your strength, the SAT may be better.

Reading Approach

SAT Reading questions often ask you to analyze the author's argument or find evidence in the passage. ACT Reading questions are more straightforward, testing whether you understood the main idea and details. The SAT rewards critical thinking, while the ACT rewards quick comprehension.

How to Choose the Right Test

Take one practice test of each exam under timed conditions. Compare your scores using a conversion chart. Most students score within 1-2 points on the ACT and 30-80 points on the SAT between the two tests.

Beyond scores, consider which test felt better. Did you finish sections comfortably, or did you run out of time? Did the question types feel natural, or did you struggle with the format? Your gut feeling matters.

Choose the SAT if you:

• Need more time per question to think through problems
• Are stronger at algebra than advanced math topics
• Prefer questions that test reasoning over content knowledge
• Do well without a science section

Choose the ACT if you:

• Work quickly and handle time pressure well
• Are comfortable with trigonometry and advanced math
• Prefer straightforward questions over analytical ones
• Are good at reading graphs and interpreting data quickly

Can You Take Both?

Yes, many students take both tests. Some states even require the ACT for all high school students. If you take both, you can send only your best score to colleges. Most schools accept either test equally, so submit whichever score is higher.

However, preparing for both tests simultaneously splits your focus and is not efficient. Choose one test, prepare thoroughly for it, and then consider trying the other if you have extra time.

Final Recommendation

Your choice between SAT and ACT should be based on practice test results and personal preference, not on what your friends are taking or what you hear is easier. Both tests are equally valid, and colleges truly do not prefer one over the other. Take practice tests, analyze your performance, and commit to the test that fits you best.